The effect of heavy metals on seed germination and seedling growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Authors

1 Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran

2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran


Ahsan, N., Lee, D. G., Lee, S. H., Kang, K.Y., Lee, J. J., Kim, P. J., Yoon, H. S., Kim, J. S., Lee, B. H., 2007. Excess copper induced physiological and proteomic changes in germinating rice seeds. Chemosphere. 67, 1182-1193.
Araujo, A. S. F., Monteiro, R. T. R., 2005. Plant bioassays to assess toxicity of textile sludge compost. Scientia Agricola. 62, 286-290.
Bahmani, R., Habibi, D., Bihamta, M. R., 2014. Evaluation of common bean genotypes tolerance in response to cadmium stress at germination stage. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 7, 61-80. [In Persian]
Bajji, M., Kinet, J. M., Lutts, S., 2002. Osmotic and ionic effects of NaCl on germination, early seedling growth, and ion content of Atriplexhalimus (Chenopodiaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany. 80, 297-304.
Balestrasse, K. B., Gardey, L., Gallego, S. M., Tomaro, M. L., 2001. Response of antioxidant defense system in soybean nodules and roots subjected to cadmium stress. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 28, 497-504.
Baycu, G., Doganay, T., Hakan, O., Sureyya, G., 2006. Ecophysiological and seasonal variations in Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni concentrations in the leaves of urban deciduous trees in Istanbul. Environmental Pollution. 143, 545-554.
Bhardwaj, P., Chaturvedi, A. K., Prasad, P., 2009. Effect of enhanced lead and cadmium in soil on physiological and biochemical attributes of Phaselous vulgaris. Nature and Science. 7, 63-75.
Bidar, G., Garc, G., Pruvot, C., Dewaele, D., Cazier, F., Douay, F., Shirali, P., 2007. Behavior of Trifoliumrepens and Loliumperenne growing in a heavy metal contaminated field: Plant metal concentration andphytotoxicity. Environmental Pollution. 147, 546-553.
 Balestrasse, K. B., Gardey, L., Gallego, S. M., Tomaro, M. L., 2001. Response of antioxidant defense system in soybean nodules and roots subjected to cadmium stress. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 28, 497-504.
Baycu, G., Doganay, T., Hakan, O., Sureyya, G., 2006. Ecophysiological and seasonal variations in Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni concentrations in the leaves of urban deciduous trees in Istanbul. Environmental Pollution. 143, 545-554.
Bhardwaj, P., Chaturvedi, A. K., Prasad, P., 2009. Effect of enhanced lead and cadmium in soil on physiological and biochemical attributes of Phaselous vulgaris. Nature and Science. 7, 63-75.
Bidar, G., Garc, G., Pruvot, C., Dewaele, D., Cazier, F., Douay, F., Shirali, P., 2007. Behavior of Trifoliumrepens and Loliumperenne growing in a heavy metal contaminated field: Plant metal concentration and phytotoxicity. Environmental Pollution. 147, 546-553.
Brandenburg, W., Catherine, K., 2011. Effect of MgCl2 on germination, growth and biomass allocation of the radish cv. “Cherry Belle”. American Journal of Environmental Sciences. 7, 132-135.
Chatterjee, J., Chatterjee, C., 2000. Phtotoxicity of cobalt, chromium and copper in cauliflower. Environmental Pollution. 109, 69-74.
Dalvand, K., Eftekhari, S. A. 2014. Evaluation of cadmium uptake by radish cv. Sorkhan plant (Raphanussativus L.) in cadmium contaminated soils. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 37, 67-75.
Das, P., Samantaray, S., Rout, G. R., 1997. Studies of cadmium toxicity in plants-review. Environmental Pollution. 98, 20-36.
Dastjerdi, Z., SafipourAfshar, A., Saeidnematpour, F., 2015. Effects of lead and methyl jasmonate on radish (Raphanussativus L.). Journal of Plant Process and Function. 4, 59-66
Elias, S. G., Copeland, L. O., 2001. Physiological and harvest maturity of canola in relation to seed quality. Agronomy Journal. 93, 1054-1058.
Fuentes, D., Disante, K. B., Valdecantos, A., Cortina, J., Vallejo, V. R., 2007. Sensitivity of Mediterranean woody seedlings to copper, nickel and zinc. Chemosphere. 66, 412-420.
Gall, J. E., Rajakaruna, N., 2013. The physiology, functional genomics, and applied ecology of heavy metal-tolerant brassicaceae. In: Lang, M., (Ed.), Brassicaceae: Characterization, Functional Genomics and Health Benefits. Nova Science Publishers: Hauppauge, NY, USA, pp. 121–148.
Ghosh, M., Singh, S. P., 2005. A review on phytoremediation of heavy metals and utilization of it’s by products. Asian Journal on Energy and Environment. 6, 214–231.
Gouia, H., Ghorbal, M. H., Meyer, C., 2001. Effect of cadmium on activity of nitrat reductase and on other enzymes of the nitrate assimilation pathway in bean. Plant Physiology. 38, 629-638.
Handique, G. K., Handique, A. K., 2009. Proline accumulation in lemongrass (CymbopogonflexuosusStapf.) due to heavy metal stress. Journal of Environmental Biology. 30, 299–302.
Jeliazkova, E. A., Craker, L. E., Xing, B., 2003. Seed germination of anise, caraway, and fennel in heavy metal contaminated solutions. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants. 10, 83-93.
Kopyra, M., Gwzdz, E. A., 2003. Nitric oxide stimulates seed germination and counteracts the inhibitory effect of heavy metals and salinity on root growth of Lupinusluteus. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 41, 1011-1017.
Kranner, I., Colville, L., 2011.Metals and seeds: Biochemical and molecular implications and their significance for seed germination. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 72, 93–105.
Liu, X., Zhang, S., Shan, X. Q., Christie, P., 2007. Combined toxicity of cadmium and arsenate to wheat seedlings and plant uptake and antioxidative enzyme responses to cadmium and arsenate co-contamination. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 68, 305-313.
Mathe-Gaspar, G., Anton A., 2002. Heavy metal uptake by two radish varieties. ActaBiologicaSzegediensis. 46, 113–114.
Mishra, S., Srivastava, S., Tripathi, P. D., 2006. Phytochelatin synthesis and response of antioxidants during cadmium stress in Baccopamonnieril. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 44, 25-37.
 Nair, S. R., Rajani, V., 2015. Effects of heavy metals on seed germination and protein content of Vignaradiata (l.) Wilczek. International Journal of Advanced Research. 3, 1306-1317.
Pace, F., Cralle, H. T., El-Halawany, S. H. M., Cothren, J. T., Senseman, S. A., 1999. Drought-induced changes in shoot and root growth of young cotton plants. The Journal of Cotton Science. 3, 183-187.
Panda, S. K., Choudhury, S., 2005. Chromium stress in plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology. 17, 95-192.
Parmoon, G., Ebadie, A., Ghahremani, M., Moosavi, S. A., 2014. The effect of heavy metals on seed germination indices and vigor of maize under laboratory conditions. Journal of Seed Research. 4, 40-51. [In Persian]
Peivast, G. 2009. Growing Vegetables. Daneshpazir Press. Fifth Edition, 577 p. [In Persian]
Peralta, J. R., Gardea-Torresdey, J. L., Tiemann, K. J., 2000. Study of the effects of heavy metals on seed germination and plant growth on alfalfa plant (Medicago sativa) grown in soild media. Proceedings of the 2000 Conference on Hazardous Wast Research, pp. 135-140.
Raj, J., Rebecca, L. J., 2014. Phytoremediation of aluminium and lead using Raphanussativus, Vignaradiata and Cicer arietinum. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 6, 1148-1152  
Ruan, S., 2002. The influence of priming on germination of rice seeds and seedling emergence and performance in flooded soil. Seed Science and Technology. 30, 61-67.
Sabri, M., Tavily, A., Jafari, M., Hidary, M., 2010. Effect of different levels of heavy metals on germination and growth seedling of atriplex (Atriplexlentiformis). Journal of Range. 1, 112-120. [In Persian].
Sanita di Toppi, L., Gabbrielli, R., 1999. Response to cadmium in higher plants- review. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 41, 105-130.
Serida, K., Mohammad, B. A., Eun, J. H., Kee, Y. P., 2008. Copper toxicity in Withaniasomnifera: Growth and antioxidant enzymes responses of in vitro grown plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 64, 279–285.
Shanker, K. A., Cervantes, C., Loza-Taversa, H., Avudainayagam, S., 2005. Chromium toxicity in plants. Environment International. 31, 739-753.
Shulan, Z., Qing L., Yanting, Q., Lian, D., 2010. Responses of root growth and protective enzymes to copper stress in turf grass. ActaBiologicaCracoviensia Series Botanica. 52, 7–11. 
Siddhu, G., Ali Khan, M. A., 2012.  Effects of cadmium on growth and metabolism of Phaseolus mungo. Journal of Environmental Biology. 33, 173-179.
Singh, J., Upadhayay, S. K., Pathak, R. K., Gupta, V., 2011. Accumulation of heavy metal in soil and paddy crop (Oryza sativa), irrigated with water of Ramgarh Lake, Gorakhpur, UP, India. 
Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry.  93, 462-473.
Sundaramoorthy, P., Alagappan, C., Kaliyaperumal, S. G., Pachikkaran, U., Logalashmanan, B., 2010. Chromium stress in paddy: (i) Nutrient status of paddy under chromium stress; (ii) Phytoremediation of chromium by aquatic and terrestrial weeds. ComptesRendusBiologies. 333, 597-607.
Talebi, S., NabaviKalat, S. M., SohaniDarban, A. L., 2014. The study effects of heavy metals on germination characteristics and proline content of triticale (TriticosealeWittmack). International Journal of Farm and Allied Science. 3, 1080-1087.
Veselov, D., Kudoyarova, G., Symonyan, M., and Veselov, S., 2003. Effect of cadmium on ion uptake transpiration and cytokinin content in wheat seedlings. Bulgarian Journal of plant physiology, Special issue pp. 353-359.
Wang, X. F., Zhou, Q. X., 2005. Ecotoxicological effects of cadmium on three ornamental plants. Chemosphere. 60, 16-21.
Yang, Y., Wei, X., Lu, J., You, J., Wang, W., Shi, R., 2010. Lead–induced phytotoxicity mechanism involved in seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 73, 1982-1987.