تأثیر روش‌های مختلف شکست خواب بر جوانه‌زنی بذر کما

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته ارشد علوم و تکنولوزی بذر/ دانشگاه بیرجند

2 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات/ دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

  کما گیاهی دارویی متعلق به خانواده چتریان است که از علوفه خشک آن برای تعلیف دام­ها استفاده می­شود. بهره برداری­های بی­رویه از عرصه های طبیعی، این گیاه را در معرض نابودی قرار داده است. بذر کما به دلیل داشتن خواب جوانه­زنی اندکی دارد. به منظور شکستن خواب بذر این گیاه آزمایشی با 28 تیمار در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در 4 تکرار در آزمایشگاه­های تکنولوژی بذر و تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند اجرا گردید. تیمار­ها شامل آبشویی به مدت 6 و 12 ساعت، خراش_دهی شیمیایی با اسید سولفوریک 80 درصد به مدت 5 و 10 دقیقه، نیترات پتاسیم 3/0 درصد به مدت 72 ساعت، تیمارهای هورمونی جیبرلیک اسید (250، 500 و 1000 پی­پی­ام) و بنزیل آمینوپورین (1/0 و 25/0 میلی­گرم بر لیتر)، سرمادهی مرطوب به مدت 20 ،  35 و 50 روز در دمای 5+ درجه سانتی گراد و تیمارهای توأم  سرمادهی و هورمونی بودند. نتایج نشان دادند که اثر تیمار­های مذکور بر درصد، سرعت، میانگین زمان جوانه­زنی و بنیه بذر کما معنی­دار بود (1%≤ P). سرمادهی مرطوب عاملی ضروری برای شکستن خواب بذر کما بود. تیمارهای هورمونی سبب بهبود خصوصیات جوانه زنی بذرهای این گیاه شدند. تیمار 50 روز سرمادهی مرطوب در دمای 5+ درجه سانتی­گراد توأم با 500 پی پی ام جیبرلیک اسید، بهترین تیمار برای شکستن خواب بذر کما بود

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